Papers

Determination of fluid properties and phase conditions of hydrocarbon mixtures is critical for accurate hydrocarbon measurement, representative sampling, and overall pipeline operation. Fluid properties such as compressibility and density are critical for flow measurement and determination of the hydrocarbon due point is important to verify that heavier hydrocarbons will not condense out of a gas …

USE OF EQUATIONS OF STATE AND EQUATION OF STATE SOFTWARE PACKAGES Read More »

Natural gas measurement today is accomplished through the use of two different classifications of gas meters. The first consists of inferential type meters, including, orifice, ultra-sonic and turbine meters, and the second is the positive displacement meters, which consist of diaphragm and rotary displacement meters. The inferential type meters are so-called because rather than measuring …

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ROTARY DISPLACEMENT METERS Read More »

This paper presents fundamental information necessary to understand and appreciate the concept of total gas energy in a natural gas pipeline. That is, to be able to converse with peers within the natural gas industry and understand basic concepts and terminology. Discussed is the historical transition from volumetric measurement to total gas energy including some …

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY DETERMINATION Read More »

The majority of all gas measurement used in the world today is performed by two basic types of meters, positive displacement and inferential. Positive displacement meters, consisting mainly of diaphragm and rotary style devices, generally account for lower volume measurement. Orifice, ultrasonic and turbine meters are the three main inferential class meters used for large …

Fundamentals of Turbine Meters Read More »

Natural gas measurement is the vertebrae of any natural gas utility. Without the ability to measure, it would be impossible to account for the flow of gas from receipt to delivery. Very much like an accountant that labors to keep the ledger balanced, a utility needs metering to balance the gas producer’s receipts against the …

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DIAPHRAGM METERS Read More »

A regulator may be defined as a mechanism for controlling or governing the movement of machines or the flow of liquids and gases, in order to meet a standard. The primary function of a gas or liquid regulator is to match the supply of the fluid moving through it to the demand for the fluid …

FUNDAMENTALS OF PRESSURE REGULATORS Read More »

This paper discusses fundamental principles of ultrasonic gas flow meters used for measurement of natural gas. A review of an ultrasonic meters operation and the equations used to determine actual volumetric flow is presented. The ultrasonic flow meters diagnostic capability will also be briefly presented. Further, diagnostic data, in conjunction with gas composition, pressure and …

Fundamentals of Multipath Ultrasonic flow meters for Gas Measurement Read More »

Due to the cost of production and transfer of natural gas, the industry has demanded a higher level of accuracy and an economical method for measurement. Orifice fittings and meter tubes satisfy this demand for most natural gas measurement applications today. The level of accuracy achieved in orifice measurement has been continually refined and improved …

Fundamentals of Orifice Metering Read More »

Correctly measuring Pressure and Temperature is one of the most important elements in the accurate measurement of Natural Gas. The basic theories on Pressure and Temperature Compensation were established many years ago by two men, Robert Boyle an Anglo Irish philosopher, chemist, and physicist and Jacques Charles, a French Inventor, scientist and mathematician. Since we …

Fundamentals of Pressure and Temperature Measurement Read More »

Definition Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA information in the energy sector is typically used for near real time decision making for well, pipeline or compressor station operation. It is also key information for displaying to SCADA screens for providing visual acuity in a concentrated view of the operation, such as a tank levels for …

SCADA and MEASUREMENT DATA ACQUISITION Read More »